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The Métis (; ; ) people are Indigenous North Americans of mixed race. Métis are recognized by the government of Canada as one of the official Aboriginal peoples. They developed as the mixed-race descendants of unions between, generally, First Nations women and Western European men, but over time there were more intermarriages within the group. The term historically described all mixed-race people of First Nations and other ancestry. Within generations in the 19th century, particularly in central and western Canada, a distinct Métis culture developed. Since the late 20th century, the Métis people have been recognized as an Aboriginal people, with formal recognition equal to that given to the Inuit and First Nations peoples. The early mothers were usually Mi'kmaq, Algonquin, Saulteaux, Cree, Ojibwe, Menominee, or Maliseet, or of mixed descent from these peoples. After New France was ceded to Great Britain's control, at one time there was an important distinction between ''French Métis'' born of francophone ''voyageur'' fathers, and the ''Anglo-Métis'' (known as "countryborn"') descended from English or Scottish fathers. Today these two cultures have essentially coalesced into one Métis tradition.〔(Ethno-Cultural and Aboriginal Groups )〕〔Rinella, Steven. 2008. ''American Buffalo: In Search of A Lost Icon.'' NY: Spiegel and Grau.〕 Such mixed-race people were referred to by other terms, many of which are now considered to be offensive, such as Mixed-bloods, Half-breeds, Bois-Brûlés, Bungi, Black Scots, and Jackatars. The Métis homeland includes regions scattered across Canada, as well as parts of the northern United States (specifically northwest Minnesota, North Dakota, and Montana). These were areas in which there was considerable intermarriage due to the 19th-century fur trade.〔Howard, James H. 1965. ''The Plains-Ojibwa or Bungi: hunters and warriors of the Northern Prairies with special reference to the Turtle Mountain band''. ''University of South Dakota Museum Anthropology Papers'' 1 (Lincoln, Nebraska: J. and L. Reprint Co., Reprints in Anthropology 7, 1977).〕 ==Self-identity and legal status== In 2011, 451,795 people in Canada identified as Métis. They represented 32.3% of the total Aboriginal population and 1.4% of the total Canadian population.〔(Aboriginal Peoples in Canada )〕 Most Métis people today are not the direct result of intermarriage between First Nations and Europeans. The vast majority of those who identify as Métis are the descendants of unions between generations of Métis individuals. Over the past century, countless Métis have assimilated into the general European Canadian populations, making Métis heritage (and thereby aboriginal ancestry) more common than is generally realized.〔Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion and Darren Préfontaine. ''Métis Legacy: A Historiography and Annotated Bibliography''. Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications Inc. and Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2001. ISBN 1-894717-03-1〕 Geneticists estimate that 50 percent of today's population in Western Canada have some Aboriginal blood.〔 They could be classified as Métis by any genetic measure but most are not part of its ethnic culture.〔 There is substantial controversy over who qualifies as Métis. Unlike among First Nations peoples, there is no distinction between "status" and "non-status" Métis. The legal definition is not yet fully developed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Métis people (Canada)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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